Guards

Guard legality follows the pinned OTP 29 erl_internal/erl_lint rules; it is never derived from runtime registration. Every operand is checked, including unreachable ones. A guard succeeds only when the final value is atom true.

Control flow

, conjoins tests in order. ; starts a new alternative after false, a non-boolean or a reached semantic error; when all fail, the clause mismatches.
Head bindings are readable in every alternative; guards create no bindings.
Infrastructure errors (OOM, limits, ownership) stop execution and never try another alternative.

Operator	Semantics
`A andalso B`	`A` must be boolean; `false` → `false`; otherwise returns `B` as any term
`A orelse B`	`A` must be boolean; `true` → `true`; otherwise returns `B`
`and`, `or`, `xor`	Both operands evaluated in order, both boolean
`not A`	Boolean inverse

true andalso 7 returns 7 in a body and fails as a final guard test; (true andalso 7) =:= 7 succeeds. A reached error inside a nested expression rejects the whole alternative: hd([]) orelse true fails, hd([]); true succeeds. In bodies, bad strict operands raise badarg and a bad lazy left operand raises {badarg, Value}, as in OTP.

Catalog

guards.tsv lists all 81 guard signatures from the pinned guard_bif, new_type_test, old_type_test, arith_op, bool_op and comp_op tables, and a test enforces exact set equality with upstream. The audit manifest maps each to resolver, lowering and runtime owner. All 81 are implemented: self() is the calling process's pid, node() and node/1 of a pid, reference or port are nonode@nohost (there is one node; any other node/1 argument fails the guard, badarg in a body). Native records in guards: is_record/1,2,3 and field access as in native records.

Type tests: is_atom, is_integer, is_float, is_number, is_boolean, is_tuple, is_list, is_map, is_binary, is_bitstring, is_function/1,2 (funs), is_pid, is_reference (pids and references), is_port (ports).
is_integer(V, Lo, Hi) validates both bounds as integers first (else badarg), then tests the inclusive range; reversed bounds give false.
Comparisons ==, /=, =:=, =/=, <, =<, >, >=; arithmetic and bitwise operators; queries and conversions per terms.
Constructors and map updates in guards use the same rooted services as bodies.
Record tests: see terms.

Resolution

Unqualified guard BIFs honor local definitions, imports and global/selective no_auto_import. erlang:F(...) and erlang:'op'(...) bypass shadowing but only for guard BIFs and operators.
Legacy tests (integer/1, float/1, atom/1, record/2, ...) are valid only at the top level of a guard test (parentheses allowed). There float(X) is is_float; nested or qualified float/1 is conversion. Legacy record/2 ignores suppression of its old name, but a local is_record/2 blocks it.
Not allowed in guards: assignment, arbitrary local/remote/dynamic calls, ++, --, !, funs, comprehensions, control flow, record updates, record_info/2.

Oracle limitations

Installed OTP 29.1.1 crashes in SSA conversion for some unrelated modern imports behind legacy scalar aliases; Clause rejects that unauthorized owner explicitly. OTP's loader also rejects a guard with a huge literal record arity despite lint accepting it; that case has semantic evidence only.